Published Optics Studies

Milky Way over a dark landscape
01 / Sensor Telemetry

Signal to Noise in Deep-Sky Imaging

Why total exposure time, not single frame length alone, drives the quality of a deep-sky image.

Night sky full of stars
02 / Filter Physics

Narrowband Filters and Emission Lines

How narrowband filters isolate emission lines and why they reduce light pollution.

Stars over a mountain at night
03 / Optical Engineering

Petzval Field Curvature and Field Flatteners

Why the edges of a wide-field image can be soft, and how optical designers correct it.